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作者：小小明，博客地址：https://blog.csdn.net/as604049322

装B神器！用Python程序自动玩数独游戏，太强了！

最近发现有个玩数独游戏的网站：https://www.sudoku.name/index-cn.php

游戏界面如下图所示

装B神器！用Python程序自动玩数独游戏，太强了！

当然这类玩数独游戏的网站很多，现在我们先以该网站为例进行演示。希望能用Python实现自动计算并填好数独游戏！

大概效果能像下面这样就好啦👇

装B神器！用Python程序自动玩数独游戏，太强了！

玩过的都非常清楚数独的基本规则：

  1. 数字 1-9 在每一行只能出现一次。
  2. 数字 1-9 在每一列只能出现一次。
  3. 数字 1-9 在每一个以粗实线分隔的 3x3 宫内只能出现一次。

如何让程序辅助我们玩这个数独游戏呢？

思路：

  • 我们可以通过web自动化测试工具（例如selenium）打开该网页
  • 解析网页获取表格数据
  • 传入处理程序中自动解析表格
  • 使用程序自动写入计算好的数独结果

下面我们尝试一步步解决这个问题：

通过Selenium访问目标网址

关于selenium的安装请参考：

https://blog.csdn.net/as604049322/article/details/114157526

首先通过selenium打开游览器：

如果你的selenium已经正确安装，运行上述代码会打开谷歌游览器：

装B神器！用Python程序自动玩数独游戏，太强了！

此时我们可以通过直接在受控制的游览器输入url访问，也可以用代码控制游览器访问数独游戏的网址：

装B神器！用Python程序自动玩数独游戏，太强了！

内心PS：以后还是得给谷歌游览器装个去广告的插件

数独数据提取

节点分析

table节点的id为：

装B神器！用Python程序自动玩数独游戏，太强了！

节点值存在于value属性中：

装B神器！用Python程序自动玩数独游戏，太强了！

使用Selenium控制游览器就是这个好处，可以随时让程序提取我们需要的数据。

首先获取目标table标签：

下面我们根据对节点的分析提取出我们需要的数独数据：

将凡是需要填写的位置都用.表示。

数独计算程序

如何对上述数独让程序来计算结果呢？这就需要逻辑算法的思维了。

这类问题最基本的解题思维就是通过递归 + 回溯算法遍历所有可能的填法挨个验证有效性，直到找到没有冲突的情况。在递归的过程中，如果当前的空白格不能填下任何一个数字，那么就进行回溯。

在此基础上，我们可以使用位运算进行优化。常规方法我们需要使用长度为 99 的数组表示每个数字是否出现过，借助位运算，仅使用一个整数就可以表示每个数字是否出现过。例如二进制表 (011000100)表示数字 3，7，8 已经出现过。

具体而言最终的程序还算比较复杂的，无法理解代码逻辑的可以直接复制粘贴：

然后我们运行一下：

可以看到，程序已经计算出了数独的结果。

不过对于数据：

上述算法耗时居然达到17秒，还需继续优化算法：

再次运行：

装B神器！用Python程序自动玩数独游戏，太强了！

耗时仅3.2秒，性能提升不少。

优化思路：如果一个空白格只有唯一的数可以填入，也就是其对应的 b 值和 b-1 进行按位与运算后得到 0（即 b 中只有一个二进制位为 1）。此时，我们就可以确定这个空白格填入的数，而不用等到递归时再去处理它。

下面我们需要做的就是将结果填入到相应的位置中，毕竟自己手敲也挺费劲的。

写结果回写到网页

对于Selenium，我们可以模拟人工点击按钮并发送键盘操作。

下面我们重新遍历table标签，并使用click和send_keys方法：

运行过程中的效果：

装B神器！用Python程序自动玩数独游戏，太强了！
△程序自动填写

骨灰级数独玩家证明：

装B神器！用Python程序自动玩数独游戏，太强了！

别人14分钟，你用程序10秒填完。

用Python后终于也体验了一次“最强大脑”的感觉了，先容我装个B去🚀

大家如果本文涉及的代码感兴趣，可以扫描下面二维码👇在【程序员GitHub】后台回复“小助手 ”即可获取对应代码文件。




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color: rgb(62, 62, 62); widows: 1; word-spacing: 2px;" style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><pre style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><h1 style="max-width: 100%;white-space: pre-wrap;letter-spacing: 0.544px;font-family: 微软雅黑;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section mpa-from-tpl="t" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><pre style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;line-height: inherit;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section data-mpa-template="t" mpa-from-tpl="t" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section data-id="94086" data-color="#276ca3" data-tools="135编辑器" mpa-from-tpl="t" style="max-width: 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