知行编程网知行编程网  2022-05-20 05:00 知行编程网 隐藏边栏 |   抢沙发  6 
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Python 函数为什么会默认返回 None?

Python 有一项默认的做法,很多编程语言都没有——它的所有函数都会有一个返回值,不管你有没有写 return 语句。

本文出自“Python为什么”系列,在正式开始之前,我们就用之前讨论过的 pass语句…对象 作为例子,看看 Python 的函数是怎样“无中生有”的:

Python 函数为什么会默认返回 None?

可以看出,我们定义的两个函数都没有写任何的 return 语句,但是在函数调用后,都能取到一个返回值。

它们的执行效果跟直接写 return 语句相比,是完全相同的:

Python 函数为什么会默认返回 None?

这 4 个例子属于两种类型:一种没有写 return,但是都有隐藏的 return 返回值;一种写了 return,而且实际也有返回值。

也就是说,后者在语义和行为上表现一致,前者虽然在语义上缺失,但是却有实际的行为和结果;后者的行为是显性的,前者却是隐性的。

《Python之禅》中有一句“显性胜于隐性(Explicit is better than implicit)”,但是,出于简洁和便利的考虑(Simple is better than complex),实际上 Python 中有很多行为都是隐性的,会把一些在语法层面的事交给解释器去完成。

上一期的 真值判断 是隐性的行为,本文前两个例子也是如此。

使用dis查看字节码,就可以看到其背后的小动作:

Python 函数为什么会默认返回 None?

在这个对比图中,可以看出上述 4 个函数的解释器指令一模一样!

不管有没有写 return,它们都会执行 return 的逻辑,而且默认的返回值就是  None。

那么,问题来了:Python 的函数为什么能默认返回 None 呢?它是如何实现的呢?

答案就在解释器中,当 CPython 解释器执行到函数的最后一个代码块时,若发现没有返回值,它就会主动地加上一个 Py_None 值返回(出自:compile.c):

Python 函数为什么会默认返回 None?

也就是说,如果定义的函数没有返回值,Python 解释器就会(强行地)默认给我们注入一段返回逻辑!

对于解释器的这种附赠的服务,大家是觉得很贴心,还是嫌弃它多事呢?

这样的做法似乎没多少好处,但似乎也没有坏处?

Python 函数为什么会默认返回 None?


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