很多小伙伴费了九牛二虎之力，终于写好了Python程序，想分享给其他的童鞋用，但是一堆依赖包太麻烦了，怎么破？今天跟大家分享一下如何Python如何打包成exe，以及如何打得足够小。
标准打包
目前比较常见的打包exe方法都是通过Pyinstaller来实现的，本文也将使用这种常规方法。如果对这块已经很熟悉的小伙伴，可以直接下滑到本文下半部分。
为什么要打包？
众所周知，Python脚本不能在没有安装Python的机器上运行。
那我们如果写了一个数据分析/自动化办公的小脚本，想分享给同事小姐姐使用，可她电脑又没有装Python。
这个时候如果将脚本打包成exe文件，微信发送给她，即使她的电脑上没有安装Python解释器，这个exe程序也能在上面运行。岂不美哉？
（当然，想通过帮安装Python跟小姐姐建立感情的话，就当我没说）
安装Pyinstaller
首先我们要先安装Pyinstaller，直接在cmd使用pip命令
如果网速太慢可以切换国内源来加速，本文其他部分直接使用国内源，不再重复注释。
Pyinstaller打包步骤
这里我们拿之前《Python自动化办公 | 同事要我帮忙补写178份Word日报！》这篇的python代码，作为案例来演示。将其中脚本py_word.py，待处理的表格文件workbook.xlsx，以及准备好的软件图标图片chengzi.ico放在了我电脑的F:py_word目录下（如果大家感兴趣的话，可以在文末下载获取）
1、cmd切换到我们刚刚放文件的目录
2、执行命令Pyinstaller -F -w -i chengzi.ico py_word.py，执行过程特别漫长，就没有录制动图。
执行完毕会发现当前目录多了几个文件夹，打开其中名为dist的文件夹。
已经生成了一个名为py_word的exe应用程序，并且图标也是我们设置的橙子图案，看来已经成功一半了。
要不运行一下，试试能否正常生成word日报？
成功运行，可惜就是文件有点大（339M）
Pyinstaller参数详解
说回刚刚执行的命令
给大家解释一下其中Pyinstaller的参数，其中-F参数代表制作独立的可执行程序。
-w是指程序启动的时候不会打开命令行。如果不加-w的参数，就会有黑洞洞的控制台窗口出来。比如在刚才的脚本里我加一行print('Hello World!')，那么就不要放-w参数了，不然运行会报错，毕竟Hello World!需要在命令行里打印出来。此外，-w参数在GUI界面时非常有用。
最后的-i chengzi.ico就是指设置自己的图标图案，因为默认打包图片是下图这样的。这个参数也可以写成--icon=chengzi.ico
最后稍微总结一下：
以上三个是比较常用的参数，其他参数详见下表
Pyinstaller参数大全
ico图片生成
自己做的软件都喜欢放上自己的图标，不过哪来那么多ico图片呢？
一个是可以找专门的ico图片网站，不过都很小众，图片库也很小。
另一个是可以自己生成，这里就给大家分享一个网站，可以把其他格式图片转成ico格式：https://app.xunjiepdf.com/img2icon/
压缩打包
好了，小伙伴们
来到了最激动人心的时刻，刚刚生成的exe实在太大了，300多M的软件程序想用微信传一下都费劲。
我也试过很多方法，比如：修改spec文件自定义打包、pipenv 虚拟环境、使用开源的upx压缩等等，但是往往要么过程比较麻烦，要么成功率不高（压缩成不成功全看脸）。
而我要分享的，是自己一直在用的，最简单且成功率极高的方法——conda创建虚拟环境。
Python打包为什么大？
在压缩打包之前，先简单说一下为什么Python打包过大？
Python打包exe，不但体积大而且运行奇慢。解释型语言大都是这个样子，只不过Python尤其突出。要解决大而慢，只能用编译型语言，如C，C++，甚至VB都好很多，体积最小的是汇编。[1]
此外，还有知乎大佬说是因为“Anaconda里内置了很多库，打包的时候打包了很多不必要的模块进去，要用纯净的Python来打包。”
所以我们可以模拟一个新环境，其中只安装我们本次打包所必要的工具包即可。
那最适合的就是——虚拟环境了！
虚拟环境
Python创建虚拟环境的方法有很多，而我是个Anaconda忠实用户，如果你跟我一样，那就简单了。（大家也可以使用Virtualenv、Pipenv来设置虚拟环境，善用搜索，方法大同小异）
先记几个命令，很简单
从开始菜单运行“Anaconda Prompt”，出现的界面输入创建虚拟环境的指令。成功创建了一个名字为aotu，且基于python版本3.6的虚拟环境。
在创建过程中需要回复（y/n），Yes，再激活虚拟环境
conda安装的虚拟环境，会把虚拟环境的目录生成在anaconda安装目录下的env目录下。
当然我们也可以在刚刚的窗口，使用命令conda info --envs，来查看conda环境下所有的虚拟环境
安装所需的库
上面我们已经创建并激活了名为aotu虚拟环境，输入conda list可以查看当前虚拟环境里已经安装的库。
我们打开所要打包的Python脚本，对比上图，发现pandas，docx这两个库还需要额外安装。当然，也不能缺了打包必不可少的pyinstaller库。
安装库的过程不再赘述
安装后再看
已成功安装，还有一些因为这几个库所附带安装的，就不管他们了。
Pyinstaller打包步骤
这里就不再重复了，只换个苹果图标试试
生成
成功压缩到29.8M，如果不导入pandas这位大神，应该就可以10多M了
运行一下，毫无问题
最后再简单总结一下虚拟环境+打包的全过程（只三步）：
总结一些小坑
1、说起来还是有点玄学，上文中一模一样的过程我在两个电脑都执行过一遍。在其中一个上显示缺少xlrd这个库，安装后成功打包，也是一样的大小。小伙伴们可以在文末获取文件，也试试。
2、在安装库是要注意一些库名，比如docx这个库不要pip install docx，而是需要
还有一些库可能因为版本不同导致不能使用，多碰碰壁就好了。
3、为了防止打包时候有些库没安装好，可以先在虚拟环境中执行一下Python脚本。运行无误的话再打包，比较保险。
4、最后，如果想要删除虚拟环境的话，可执行下方命令
5、打包为exe的话，版本尽量选择python3.6+32位版本，因为win64位系统向下兼容32位程序，但是如果不考虑32位系统的话无所谓，直接python64位版本直接打包就可以，只是只能在win64位系统上跑。[2]
下载链接
如果大家想测试Python打包，手头又没有合适的文件，可以在「凹凸数据」后台回复“打包”即可获得以下文件：
参考资料
弗拉基米尔: https://www.zhihu.com/question/281858271/answer/613147412
[2]《别再问我怎么Python打包成exe了！》: https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/zilDeFunWLG0mBS_x0vNnA
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data-darkmode-original-bgcolor-15900529136199="rgb(255, 255, 255)" data-darkmode-color-15900529136199="rgb(230, 230, 230)" data-darkmode-original-color-15900529136199="rgb(0, 0, 0)" data-darkmode-bgimage-15900529136199="1" style="margin-left: 2px;max-width: 100%;width: 20px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></section><section data-brushtype="text" data-darkmode-bgcolor-15860613985508="rgb(36, 36, 36)" data-darkmode-original-bgcolor-15860613985508="rgb(255, 255, 255)" data-darkmode-color-15860613985508="rgb(51, 51, 51)" data-darkmode-original-color-15860613985508="rgb(51, 51, 51)" data-darkmode-bgimage-15860613985508="1" data-darkmode-bgcolor-15870356070738="rgb(36, 36, 36)" data-darkmode-original-bgcolor-15870356070738="rgb(255, 255, 255)" data-darkmode-color-15870356070738="rgb(51, 51, 51)" data-darkmode-original-color-15870356070738="rgb(51, 51, 51)" data-darkmode-bgimage-15870356070738="1" data-darkmode-bgcolor-15870356071023="rgb(36, 36, 36)" data-darkmode-original-bgcolor-15870356071023="rgb(255, 255, 255)" data-darkmode-color-15870356071023="rgb(51, 51, 51)" data-darkmode-original-color-15870356071023="rgb(51, 51, 51)" data-darkmode-bgimage-15870356071023="1" data-darkmode-bgcolor-15882384789136="rgb(36, 36, 36)" data-darkmode-original-bgcolor-15882384789136="rgb(255, 255, 255)" data-darkmode-color-15882384789136="rgb(51, 51, 51)" data-darkmode-original-color-15882384789136="rgb(51, 51, 51)" data-darkmode-bgimage-15882384789136="1" data-darkmode-bgcolor-15882396318564="rgb(36, 36, 36)" data-darkmode-original-bgcolor-15882396318564="rgb(255, 255, 255)" data-darkmode-color-15882396318564="rgb(51, 51, 51)" data-darkmode-original-color-15882396318564="rgb(51, 51, 51)" data-darkmode-bgimage-15882396318564="1" data-darkmode-bgcolor-15900529136199="rgb(36, 36, 36)" data-darkmode-original-bgcolor-15900529136199="rgb(255, 255, 255)" data-darkmode-color-15900529136199="rgb(51, 51, 51)" data-darkmode-original-color-15900529136199="rgb(51, 51, 51)" data-darkmode-bgimage-15900529136199="1" style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-family: 楷体, 楷体_GB2312, SimKai;font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">点这里，获取新手福利</span></section><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(0, 122, 170);font-family: "PingFang SC", "Microsoft Yahei", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, STHeiTi, sans-serif;font-size: 15px;text-align: start;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section>本篇文章来源于: 菜鸟学Python
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