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Python可以比C++更快，你不信？

Python 是一个用途非常广泛的编程语言，拥有成千上万的第三方库，在人工智能、机器学习、自动化等方面有着广泛的应用，众所周知，Python 是动态语言，有全局解释器锁，比其他静态语言要慢，也正是这个原因，你也许会转向其他语言如 Java、C++，不过先等等，今天分享一个可以让 Python 比 C++ 还要快的技术，看完再决定要不要转吧。
今天的主角就是 Numba，Numba 是一个开源的即时编译器（JIT compiler），可将 Python 和 NumPy 的代码的转换为快速的机器码，从而提升运行速度。可以达到 C 或 FORTRAN 的速度。
这么牛逼是不是很难用呢？No,No,No,So easy，你不需要替换 Python 解释器，不需要单独编译，甚至不需要安装 C / C ++ 编译器。只需将 Numba 提供的装饰器放在 Python 函数上面就行，剩下的就交给 Numba 完成。举个简单的例子：
<section style="overflow-x: auto;padding: 15px 16px 16px;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);display: -webkit-box;font-size: 12px;background: rgb(248, 248, 248);border-radius: 5px;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-weight: bold;line-height: 26px;">from</span> numba <span style="font-weight: bold;line-height: 26px;">import</span> jit<br  /><span style="font-weight: bold;line-height: 26px;">import</span> random<br  /><br  /><span style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);font-weight: bold;line-height: 26px;">@jit(nopython=True)</span><br  /><span style="line-height: 26px;"><span style="font-weight: bold;line-height: 26px;">def</span> <span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0);font-weight: bold;line-height: 26px;">monte_carlo_pi</span><span style="line-height: 26px;">(nsamples)</span>:</span><br  />    acc = <span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 128);line-height: 26px;">0</span><br  />    <span style="font-weight: bold;line-height: 26px;">for</span> i <span style="font-weight: bold;line-height: 26px;">in</span> range(nsamples):<br  />        x = random.random()<br  />        y = random.random()<br  />        <span style="font-weight: bold;line-height: 26px;">if</span> (x ** <span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 128);line-height: 26px;">2</span> + y ** <span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 128);line-height: 26px;">2</span>) < <span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 128);line-height: 26px;">1.0</span>:<br  />            acc += <span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 128);line-height: 26px;">1</span><br  />    <span style="font-weight: bold;line-height: 26px;">return</span> <span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 128);line-height: 26px;">4.0</span> * acc / nsamples<br  /></span></section>
Numba 是专为科学计算而设计的，在与 NumPy 一起使用时，Numba 会为不同的数组数据类型生成专门的代码，以优化性能：
<section style="overflow-x: auto;padding: 15px 16px 16px;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);display: -webkit-box;font-size: 12px;background: rgb(248, 248, 248);border-radius: 5px;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);font-weight: bold;line-height: 26px;">@numba.jit(nopython=True, parallel=True)</span><br  /><span style="line-height: 26px;"><span style="font-weight: bold;line-height: 26px;">def</span> <span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0);font-weight: bold;line-height: 26px;">logistic_regression</span><span style="line-height: 26px;">(Y, X, w, iterations)</span>:</span><br  />    <span style="font-weight: bold;line-height: 26px;">for</span> i <span style="font-weight: bold;line-height: 26px;">in</span> range(iterations):<br  />        w -= np.dot(((<span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 128);line-height: 26px;">1.0</span> /<br  />              (<span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 128);line-height: 26px;">1.0</span> + np.exp(-Y * np.dot(X, w)))<br  />              - <span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 128);line-height: 26px;">1.0</span>) * Y), X)<br  />    <span style="font-weight: bold;line-height: 26px;">return</span> w<br  /></span></section>
现在我们来看看，同样的代码，使用 Numba 前后与 C++ 的性能对比。比如说我们要找出 1000 万以内所有的素数，代码的算法逻辑是相同的：
Python 代码：
<section style="overflow-x: auto;padding: 15px 16px 16px;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);display: -webkit-box;font-size: 12px;background: rgb(248, 248, 248);border-radius: 5px;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-weight: bold;line-height: 26px;">import</span> math<br  /><span style="font-weight: bold;line-height: 26px;">import</span> time<br  /><br  /><span style="line-height: 26px;"><span style="font-weight: bold;line-height: 26px;">def</span> <span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0);font-weight: bold;line-height: 26px;">is_prime</span><span style="line-height: 26px;">(num)</span>:</span><br  />    <span style="font-weight: bold;line-height: 26px;">if</span> num == <span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 128);line-height: 26px;">2</span>:<br  />        <span style="font-weight: bold;line-height: 26px;">return</span> <span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 128);line-height: 26px;">True</span><br  />    <span style="font-weight: bold;line-height: 26px;">if</span> num <= <span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 128);line-height: 26px;">1</span> <span style="font-weight: bold;line-height: 26px;">or</span> <span style="font-weight: bold;line-height: 26px;">not</span> num % <span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 128);line-height: 26px;">2</span>:<br  />        <span style="font-weight: bold;line-height: 26px;">return</span> <span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 128);line-height: 26px;">False</span><br  />    <span style="font-weight: bold;line-height: 26px;">for</span> div <span style="font-weight: bold;line-height: 26px;">in</span> range(<span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 128);line-height: 26px;">3</span>, int(math.sqrt(num) + <span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 128);line-height: 26px;">1</span>), <span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 128);line-height: 26px;">2</span>):<br  />        <span style="font-weight: bold;line-height: 26px;">if</span> <span style="font-weight: bold;line-height: 26px;">not</span> num % div:<br  />            <span style="font-weight: bold;line-height: 26px;">return</span> <span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 128);line-height: 26px;">False</span><br  />    <span style="font-weight: bold;line-height: 26px;">return</span> <span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 128);line-height: 26px;">True</span><br  /><br  /><span style="line-height: 26px;"><span style="font-weight: bold;line-height: 26px;">def</span> <span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0);font-weight: bold;line-height: 26px;">run_program</span><span style="line-height: 26px;">(N)</span>:</span><br  />    total = <span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 128);line-height: 26px;">0</span><br  />    <span style="font-weight: bold;line-height: 26px;">for</span> i <span style="font-weight: bold;line-height: 26px;">in</span> range(N):<br  />        <span style="font-weight: bold;line-height: 26px;">if</span> is_prime(i):<br  />            total += <span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 128);line-height: 26px;">1</span><br  />    <span style="font-weight: bold;line-height: 26px;">return</span> total<br  /><br  /><br  /><span style="font-weight: bold;line-height: 26px;">if</span> __name__ == <span style="color: rgb(221, 17, 68);line-height: 26px;">"__main__"</span>:<br  />    N = <span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 128);line-height: 26px;">10000000</span><br  />    start = time.time()<br  />    total = run_program(N)<br  />    end = time.time()<br  />    print(<span style="color: rgb(221, 17, 68);line-height: 26px;">f"total prime num is <span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);line-height: 26px;">{total}</span>"</span>)<br  />    print(<span style="color: rgb(221, 17, 68);line-height: 26px;">f"cost <span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);line-height: 26px;">{end - start}</span>s"</span>)<br  /></span></section>
执行耗时：
<section style="overflow-x: auto;padding: 15px 16px 16px;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);display: -webkit-box;font-size: 12px;background: rgb(248, 248, 248);border-radius: 5px;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">total prime num is 664579<br  />cost 47.386465072631836s<br  /></span></section>
C++ 代码如下：
<section style="overflow-x: auto;padding: 15px 16px 16px;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);display: -webkit-box;font-size: 12px;background: rgb(248, 248, 248);border-radius: 5px;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);font-weight: bold;line-height: 26px;">#<span style="line-height: 26px;">include</span> <span style="line-height: 26px;"><iostream></span></span><br  /><span style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);font-weight: bold;line-height: 26px;">#<span style="line-height: 26px;">include</span> <span style="line-height: 26px;"><cmath></span></span><br  /><span style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);font-weight: bold;line-height: 26px;">#<span style="line-height: 26px;">include</span> <span style="line-height: 26px;"><time.h></span></span><br  /><span style="font-weight: bold;line-height: 26px;">using</span> <span style="font-weight: bold;line-height: 26px;">namespace</span> <span style="color: rgb(0, 134, 179);line-height: 26px;">std</span>;<br  /><br  /><br  /><span style="line-height: 26px;"><span style="font-weight: bold;line-height: 26px;">bool</span> <span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0);font-weight: bold;line-height: 26px;">isPrime</span><span style="line-height: 26px;">(<span style="font-weight: bold;line-height: 26px;">int</span> num)</span> </span>{<br  /><br  />    <span style="font-weight: bold;line-height: 26px;">if</span> (num == <span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 128);line-height: 26px;">2</span>) <span style="font-weight: bold;line-height: 26px;">return</span> <span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 128);line-height: 26px;">true</span>;<br  />    <span style="font-weight: bold;line-height: 26px;">if</span> (num <= <span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 128);line-height: 26px;">1</span> || num % <span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 128);line-height: 26px;">2</span> == <span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 128);line-height: 26px;">0</span>) <span style="font-weight: bold;line-height: 26px;">return</span> <span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 128);line-height: 26px;">false</span>;<br  />    <span style="font-weight: bold;line-height: 26px;">double</span> sqrt_num = <span style="color: rgb(0, 134, 179);line-height: 26px;">sqrt</span>(<span style="font-weight: bold;line-height: 26px;">double</span>(num));<br  />    <span style="font-weight: bold;line-height: 26px;">for</span> (<span style="font-weight: bold;line-height: 26px;">int</span> div = <span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 128);line-height: 26px;">3</span>; div <= sqrt_num; div +=<span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 128);line-height: 26px;">2</span>){<br  />       <span style="font-weight: bold;line-height: 26px;">if</span> (num % div == <span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 128);line-height: 26px;">0</span>) <span style="font-weight: bold;line-height: 26px;">return</span> <span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 128);line-height: 26px;">false</span>;<br  />    }<br  />     <span style="font-weight: bold;line-height: 26px;">return</span> <span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 128);line-height: 26px;">true</span>;<br  />}<br  /><br  /><span style="line-height: 26px;"><span style="font-weight: bold;line-height: 26px;">int</span> <span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0);font-weight: bold;line-height: 26px;">run_program</span><span style="line-height: 26px;">(<span style="font-weight: bold;line-height: 26px;">int</span> N)</span></span>{<br  /><br  />    <span style="font-weight: bold;line-height: 26px;">int</span> total = <span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 128);line-height: 26px;">0</span>;<br  />    <span style="font-weight: bold;line-height: 26px;">for</span> (<span style="font-weight: bold;line-height: 26px;">int</span> i; i < N; i++) {<br  />        <span style="font-weight: bold;line-height: 26px;">if</span>(isPrime(i)) total ++;<br  />    }<br  />    <span style="font-weight: bold;line-height: 26px;">return</span> total;<br  />}<br  /><br  /><span style="line-height: 26px;"><span style="font-weight: bold;line-height: 26px;">int</span> <span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0);font-weight: bold;line-height: 26px;">main</span><span style="line-height: 26px;">()</span><br  /></span>{<br  />    <span style="font-weight: bold;line-height: 26px;">int</span> N = <span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 128);line-height: 26px;">10000000</span>;<br  />    <span style="font-weight: bold;line-height: 26px;">clock_t</span> start,end;<br  />    start = clock();<br  />    <span style="font-weight: bold;line-height: 26px;">int</span> total = run_program(N);<br  />    end = clock();<br  />    <span style="color: rgb(0, 134, 179);line-height: 26px;">cout</span> << <span style="color: rgb(221, 17, 68);line-height: 26px;">"total prime num is "</span> << total;<br  />    <span style="color: rgb(0, 134, 179);line-height: 26px;">cout</span> << <span style="color: rgb(221, 17, 68);line-height: 26px;">"ncost "</span> << (end - start) / ((<span style="font-weight: bold;line-height: 26px;">double</span>) CLOCKS_PER_SEC) << <span style="color: rgb(221, 17, 68);line-height: 26px;">"sn"</span>;<br  />    <span style="font-weight: bold;line-height: 26px;">return</span> <span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 128);line-height: 26px;">0</span>;<br  />}<br  /></span></section>
<section style="overflow-x: auto;padding: 15px 16px 16px;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);display: -webkit-box;font-size: 12px;background: rgb(248, 248, 248);border-radius: 5px;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">$ g++ isPrime.cpp -o isPrime<br  />$ ./isPrime<br  />total prime num is 664579<br  />cost 2.36221s<br  /></span></section>
Python可以比C++更快，你不信？
c++
C++ 确实牛逼，才 2.3 秒，不过好戏还在后头，现在我们使用 Numba 来加速一下，操作很简单，不需要改动原有的代码，先导入 Numba 的 njit，再在函数上方放个装饰器 @njit 即可，其他保持不变，代码如下：
<section style="overflow-x: auto;padding: 15px 16px 16px;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);display: -webkit-box;font-size: 12px;background: rgb(248, 248, 248);border-radius: 5px;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-weight: bold;line-height: 26px;">import</span> math<br  /><span style="font-weight: bold;line-height: 26px;">import</span> time<br  /><span style="font-weight: bold;line-height: 26px;">from</span> numba <span style="font-weight: bold;line-height: 26px;">import</span> njit<br  /><br  /><span style="color: rgb(153, 153, 136);font-style: italic;line-height: 26px;"># @njit 相当于 @jit(nopython=True) </span><br  /><span style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);font-weight: bold;line-height: 26px;">@njit</span><br  /><span style="line-height: 26px;"><span style="font-weight: bold;line-height: 26px;">def</span> <span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0);font-weight: bold;line-height: 26px;">is_prime</span><span style="line-height: 26px;">(num)</span>:</span><br  />    <span style="font-weight: bold;line-height: 26px;">if</span> num == <span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 128);line-height: 26px;">2</span>:<br  />        <span style="font-weight: bold;line-height: 26px;">return</span> <span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 128);line-height: 26px;">True</span><br  />    <span style="font-weight: bold;line-height: 26px;">if</span> num <= <span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 128);line-height: 26px;">1</span> <span style="font-weight: bold;line-height: 26px;">or</span> <span style="font-weight: bold;line-height: 26px;">not</span> num % <span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 128);line-height: 26px;">2</span>:<br  />        <span style="font-weight: bold;line-height: 26px;">return</span> <span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 128);line-height: 26px;">False</span><br  />    <span style="font-weight: bold;line-height: 26px;">for</span> div <span style="font-weight: bold;line-height: 26px;">in</span> range(<span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 128);line-height: 26px;">3</span>, int(math.sqrt(num) + <span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 128);line-height: 26px;">1</span>), <span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 128);line-height: 26px;">2</span>):<br  />        <span style="font-weight: bold;line-height: 26px;">if</span> <span style="font-weight: bold;line-height: 26px;">not</span> num % div:<br  />            <span style="font-weight: bold;line-height: 26px;">return</span> <span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 128);line-height: 26px;">False</span><br  />    <span style="font-weight: bold;line-height: 26px;">return</span> <span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 128);line-height: 26px;">True</span><br  /><br  /><span style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);font-weight: bold;line-height: 26px;">@njit</span><br  /><span style="line-height: 26px;"><span style="font-weight: bold;line-height: 26px;">def</span> <span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0);font-weight: bold;line-height: 26px;">run_program</span><span style="line-height: 26px;">(N)</span>:</span><br  />    total = <span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 128);line-height: 26px;">0</span><br  />    <span style="font-weight: bold;line-height: 26px;">for</span> i <span style="font-weight: bold;line-height: 26px;">in</span> range(N):<br  />        <span style="font-weight: bold;line-height: 26px;">if</span> is_prime(i):<br  />            total += <span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 128);line-height: 26px;">1</span><br  />    <span style="font-weight: bold;line-height: 26px;">return</span> total<br  /><br  /><br  /><span style="font-weight: bold;line-height: 26px;">if</span> __name__ == <span style="color: rgb(221, 17, 68);line-height: 26px;">"__main__"</span>:<br  />    N = <span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 128);line-height: 26px;">10000000</span><br  />    start = time.time()<br  />    total = run_program(N)<br  />    end = time.time()<br  />    print(<span style="color: rgb(221, 17, 68);line-height: 26px;">f"total prime num is <span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);line-height: 26px;">{total}</span>"</span>)<br  />    print(<span style="color: rgb(221, 17, 68);line-height: 26px;">f"cost <span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);line-height: 26px;">{end - start}</span>s"</span>)<br  /></span></section>
运行一下，可以看出时间已经从 47.39 秒降低到 3 秒。
<section style="overflow-x: auto;padding: 15px 16px 16px;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);display: -webkit-box;font-size: 12px;background: rgb(248, 248, 248);border-radius: 5px;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">total prime num is 664579<br  />cost 3.0948808193206787s<br  /></span></section>
相比 C++ 的 2.3 秒还是有一点慢，你可能会说 Python 还是不行啊。等一等，我们还有优化的空间，就是 Python 的 for 循环，那可是 1000 万的循环，对此，Numba 提供了 prange 参数来并行计算，从而并发处理循环语句，只需要将 range 修改为 prange，装饰器传个参数：parallel = True，其他不变，代码改动如下：
<section style="overflow-x: auto;padding: 15px 16px 16px;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);display: -webkit-box;font-size: 12px;background: rgb(248, 248, 248);border-radius: 5px;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-weight: bold;line-height: 26px;">import</span> math<br  /><span style="font-weight: bold;line-height: 26px;">import</span> time<br  /><span style="font-weight: bold;line-height: 26px;">from</span> numba <span style="font-weight: bold;line-height: 26px;">import</span> njit, prange<br  /><br  /><span style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);font-weight: bold;line-height: 26px;">@njit</span><br  /><span style="line-height: 26px;"><span style="font-weight: bold;line-height: 26px;">def</span> <span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0);font-weight: bold;line-height: 26px;">is_prime</span><span style="line-height: 26px;">(num)</span>:</span><br  />    <span style="font-weight: bold;line-height: 26px;">if</span> num == <span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 128);line-height: 26px;">2</span>:<br  />        <span style="font-weight: bold;line-height: 26px;">return</span> <span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 128);line-height: 26px;">True</span><br  />    <span style="font-weight: bold;line-height: 26px;">if</span> num <= <span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 128);line-height: 26px;">1</span> <span style="font-weight: bold;line-height: 26px;">or</span> <span style="font-weight: bold;line-height: 26px;">not</span> num % <span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 128);line-height: 26px;">2</span>:<br  />        <span style="font-weight: bold;line-height: 26px;">return</span> <span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 128);line-height: 26px;">False</span><br  />    <span style="font-weight: bold;line-height: 26px;">for</span> div <span style="font-weight: bold;line-height: 26px;">in</span> range(<span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 128);line-height: 26px;">3</span>, int(math.sqrt(num) + <span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 128);line-height: 26px;">1</span>), <span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 128);line-height: 26px;">2</span>):<br  />        <span style="font-weight: bold;line-height: 26px;">if</span> <span style="font-weight: bold;line-height: 26px;">not</span> num % div:<br  />            <span style="font-weight: bold;line-height: 26px;">return</span> <span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 128);line-height: 26px;">False</span><br  />    <span style="font-weight: bold;line-height: 26px;">return</span> <span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 128);line-height: 26px;">True</span><br  /><br  /><span style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);font-weight: bold;line-height: 26px;">@njit(parallel = True)</span><br  /><span style="line-height: 26px;"><span style="font-weight: bold;line-height: 26px;">def</span> <span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0);font-weight: bold;line-height: 26px;">run_program</span><span style="line-height: 26px;">(N)</span>:</span><br  />    total = <span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 128);line-height: 26px;">0</span><br  />    <span style="font-weight: bold;line-height: 26px;">for</span> i <span style="font-weight: bold;line-height: 26px;">in</span> prange(N):<br  />        <span style="font-weight: bold;line-height: 26px;">if</span> is_prime(i):<br  />            total += <span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 128);line-height: 26px;">1</span><br  />    <span style="font-weight: bold;line-height: 26px;">return</span> total<br  /><br  /><br  /><span style="font-weight: bold;line-height: 26px;">if</span> __name__ == <span style="color: rgb(221, 17, 68);line-height: 26px;">"__main__"</span>:<br  />    N = <span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 128);line-height: 26px;">10000000</span><br  />    start = time.time()<br  />    total = run_program(N)<br  />    end = time.time()<br  />    print(<span style="color: rgb(221, 17, 68);line-height: 26px;">f"total prime num is <span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);line-height: 26px;">{total}</span>"</span>)<br  />    print(<span style="color: rgb(221, 17, 68);line-height: 26px;">f"cost <span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);line-height: 26px;">{end - start}</span>s"</span>)<br  /></span></section>
现在运行一下：
<section style="overflow-x: auto;padding: 15px 16px 16px;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);display: -webkit-box;font-size: 12px;background: rgb(248, 248, 248);border-radius: 5px;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">python isPrime.py<br  />total prime num is 664579<br  />cost 1.4398791790008545s<br  /></span></section>
才 1.43 秒，比 C++ 还快，Numba 真的牛逼！我又运行了两次，确认自己没看错，平均就是 1.4 秒：
Python可以比C++更快，你不信？
Python
看到这里，Numba 又让我燃起了对 Python 的激情，我不转 C++ 了，Python 够用了。
Numba 如何做到的呢？官方文档这样介绍：它读取装饰函数的 Python 字节码，并将其与有关函数输入参数类型的信息结合起来，分析和优化代码，最后使用编译器库（LLVM）针对你的 CPU 生成量身定制的机器代码。每次调用函数时，都会使用此编译版本，你说牛逼不？
Numba 还有更多详细的用法，这里不多说，想了解的请移步官方文档[1]。

最后的话

Python 几乎在每一个领域都有对应的解决方案，本文提到的 Numba 库就是专门解决 Python 在计算密集型任务方面性能不足的问题，如果你从事机器学习、数据挖掘等领域，这个会非常有帮助，如果本文对你有用，请点赞、在看、关注支持。

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inline-block;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><pre style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;line-height: inherit;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><pre data-darkmode-bgcolor-15882384789136="rgb(36, 36, 36)" data-darkmode-original-bgcolor-15882384789136="rgb(255, 255, 255)" data-style="letter-spacing: 0.544px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center; color: rgba(230, 230, 230, 0.9); font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" data-darkmode-bgcolor-15882396318564="rgb(36, 36, 36)" data-darkmode-original-bgcolor-15882396318564="rgb(255, 255, 255)" data-darkmode-color-15882396318564="rgba(230, 230, 230, 0.9)" data-darkmode-original-color-15882396318564="rgba(230, 230, 230, 0.9)" data-darkmode-bgcolor-15900529136199="rgb(36, 36, 36)" data-darkmode-original-bgcolor-15900529136199="rgb(255, 255, 255)" data-darkmode-color-15900529136199="rgba(230, 230, 230, 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data-darkmode-color-15870356071023="rgb(230, 230, 230)" data-darkmode-original-color-15870356071023="rgb(0, 0, 0)" data-darkmode-bgcolor-15882384789136="rgb(36, 36, 36)" data-darkmode-original-bgcolor-15882384789136="rgb(255, 255, 255)" data-darkmode-color-15882384789136="rgb(230, 230, 230)" data-darkmode-original-color-15882384789136="rgb(0, 0, 0)" data-darkmode-bgcolor-15882396318564="rgb(36, 36, 36)" data-darkmode-original-bgcolor-15882396318564="rgb(255, 255, 255)" data-darkmode-color-15882396318564="rgb(230, 230, 230)" data-darkmode-original-color-15882396318564="rgb(0, 0, 0)" data-darkmode-bgcolor-15900529136199="rgb(36, 36, 36)" data-darkmode-original-bgcolor-15900529136199="rgb(255, 255, 255)" data-darkmode-color-15900529136199="rgb(230, 230, 230)" data-darkmode-original-color-15900529136199="rgb(0, 0, 0)" style="max-width: 100%;display: inline-block;clear: both;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="91842" 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36)" data-darkmode-original-bgcolor-15882396318564="rgb(255, 255, 255)" data-darkmode-color-15882396318564="rgb(230, 230, 230)" data-darkmode-original-color-15882396318564="rgb(0, 0, 0)" data-darkmode-bgcolor-15900529136199="rgb(36, 36, 36)" data-darkmode-original-bgcolor-15900529136199="rgb(255, 255, 255)" data-darkmode-color-15900529136199="rgb(230, 230, 230)" data-darkmode-original-color-15900529136199="rgb(0, 0, 0)" style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;border-width: 0px;border-style: none;border-color: initial;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section data-darkmode-bgcolor-15860613985508="rgb(36, 36, 36)" data-darkmode-original-bgcolor-15860613985508="rgb(255, 255, 255)" data-darkmode-color-15860613985508="rgb(230, 230, 230)" data-darkmode-original-color-15860613985508="rgb(0, 0, 0)" data-darkmode-bgcolor-15870356070738="rgb(36, 36, 36)" data-darkmode-original-bgcolor-15870356070738="rgb(255, 255, 255)" 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data-darkmode-bgcolor-15900529136199="rgb(36, 36, 36)" data-darkmode-original-bgcolor-15900529136199="rgb(255, 255, 255)" data-darkmode-color-15900529136199="rgb(230, 230, 230)" data-darkmode-original-color-15900529136199="rgb(0, 0, 0)" data-darkmode-bgimage-15900529136199="1" style="padding: 18px 15px 20px 10px;max-width: 100%;background-size: 100% 100%;background-image: url('https://www.zkxjob.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/wxsync-2022-06-a2a8a5e1e58f30392066a170034ee027.png');color: rgb(86, 146, 214);letter-spacing: 1.5px;background-repeat: no-repeat;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section data-darkmode-bgcolor-15860613985508="rgb(36, 36, 36)" data-darkmode-original-bgcolor-15860613985508="rgb(255, 255, 255)" data-darkmode-color-15860613985508="rgb(230, 230, 230)" data-darkmode-original-color-15860613985508="rgb(0, 0, 0)" data-darkmode-bgimage-15860613985508="1" data-darkmode-bgcolor-15870356070738="rgb(36, 36, 36)" data-darkmode-original-bgcolor-15870356070738="rgb(255, 255, 255)" data-darkmode-color-15870356070738="rgb(230, 230, 230)" data-darkmode-original-color-15870356070738="rgb(0, 0, 0)" data-darkmode-bgimage-15870356070738="1" data-darkmode-bgcolor-15870356071023="rgb(36, 36, 36)" data-darkmode-original-bgcolor-15870356071023="rgb(255, 255, 255)" data-darkmode-color-15870356071023="rgb(230, 230, 230)" data-darkmode-original-color-15870356071023="rgb(0, 0, 0)" data-darkmode-bgimage-15870356071023="1" data-darkmode-bgcolor-15882384789136="rgb(36, 36, 36)" data-darkmode-original-bgcolor-15882384789136="rgb(255, 255, 255)" data-darkmode-color-15882384789136="rgb(230, 230, 230)" data-darkmode-original-color-15882384789136="rgb(0, 0, 0)" data-darkmode-bgimage-15882384789136="1" data-darkmode-bgcolor-15882396318564="rgb(36, 36, 36)" data-darkmode-original-bgcolor-15882396318564="rgb(255, 255, 255)" data-darkmode-color-15882396318564="rgb(230, 230, 230)" 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data-darkmode-original-color-15870356070738="rgb(0, 0, 0)" data-darkmode-bgimage-15870356070738="1" data-darkmode-bgcolor-15870356071023="rgb(36, 36, 36)" data-darkmode-original-bgcolor-15870356071023="rgb(255, 255, 255)" data-darkmode-color-15870356071023="rgb(230, 230, 230)" data-darkmode-original-color-15870356071023="rgb(0, 0, 0)" data-darkmode-bgimage-15870356071023="1" data-darkmode-bgcolor-15882384789136="rgb(36, 36, 36)" data-darkmode-original-bgcolor-15882384789136="rgb(255, 255, 255)" data-darkmode-color-15882384789136="rgb(230, 230, 230)" data-darkmode-original-color-15882384789136="rgb(0, 0, 0)" data-darkmode-bgimage-15882384789136="1" data-darkmode-bgcolor-15882396318564="rgb(36, 36, 36)" data-darkmode-original-bgcolor-15882396318564="rgb(255, 255, 255)" data-darkmode-color-15882396318564="rgb(230, 230, 230)" data-darkmode-original-color-15882396318564="rgb(0, 0, 0)" data-darkmode-bgimage-15882396318564="1" data-darkmode-bgcolor-15900529136199="rgb(36, 36, 36)" data-darkmode-original-bgcolor-15900529136199="rgb(255, 255, 255)" data-darkmode-color-15900529136199="rgb(230, 230, 230)" data-darkmode-original-color-15900529136199="rgb(0, 0, 0)" data-darkmode-bgimage-15900529136199="1" style="margin-left: 2px;max-width: 100%;width: 20px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></section><section data-brushtype="text" data-darkmode-bgcolor-15860613985508="rgb(36, 36, 36)" data-darkmode-original-bgcolor-15860613985508="rgb(255, 255, 255)" data-darkmode-color-15860613985508="rgb(51, 51, 51)" data-darkmode-original-color-15860613985508="rgb(51, 51, 51)" data-darkmode-bgimage-15860613985508="1" data-darkmode-bgcolor-15870356070738="rgb(36, 36, 36)" data-darkmode-original-bgcolor-15870356070738="rgb(255, 255, 255)" data-darkmode-color-15870356070738="rgb(51, 51, 51)" data-darkmode-original-color-15870356070738="rgb(51, 51, 51)" data-darkmode-bgimage-15870356070738="1" data-darkmode-bgcolor-15870356071023="rgb(36, 36, 36)" data-darkmode-original-bgcolor-15870356071023="rgb(255, 255, 255)" data-darkmode-color-15870356071023="rgb(51, 51, 51)" data-darkmode-original-color-15870356071023="rgb(51, 51, 51)" data-darkmode-bgimage-15870356071023="1" data-darkmode-bgcolor-15882384789136="rgb(36, 36, 36)" data-darkmode-original-bgcolor-15882384789136="rgb(255, 255, 255)" data-darkmode-color-15882384789136="rgb(51, 51, 51)" data-darkmode-original-color-15882384789136="rgb(51, 51, 51)" data-darkmode-bgimage-15882384789136="1" data-darkmode-bgcolor-15882396318564="rgb(36, 36, 36)" data-darkmode-original-bgcolor-15882396318564="rgb(255, 255, 255)" data-darkmode-color-15882396318564="rgb(51, 51, 51)" data-darkmode-original-color-15882396318564="rgb(51, 51, 51)" data-darkmode-bgimage-15882396318564="1" data-darkmode-bgcolor-15900529136199="rgb(36, 36, 36)" data-darkmode-original-bgcolor-15900529136199="rgb(255, 255, 255)" data-darkmode-color-15900529136199="rgb(51, 51, 51)" data-darkmode-original-color-15900529136199="rgb(51, 51, 51)" data-darkmode-bgimage-15900529136199="1" style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-family: 楷体, 楷体_GB2312, SimKai;font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;white-space: pre-wrap;font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">点阅读原文,领廖雪峰大数据视频资料！</span></span></section></section></section></section></section></section></section>

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