<span style="color: #880000;">#OS模块</span>
<span style="color: #880000;">#os模块就是对操作系统进行操作,使用该模块必须先导入模块:</span>
<span style="color: #000088;">import</span><span style="color: #000000;"> os</span>
<span style="color: #880000;">#getcwd() 获取当前工作目录(当前工作目录默认都是当前文件所在的文件夹)</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">result </span><span style="color: #666600;">=</span><span style="color: #000000;"> os</span><span style="color: #666600;">.</span><span style="color: #000000;">getcwd</span><span style="color: #666600;">()</span>
<span style="color: #000088;">print</span><span style="color: #666600;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">result</span><span style="color: #666600;">)</span>
<span style="color: #880000;">#chdir()改变当前工作目录</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">os</span><span style="color: #666600;">.</span><span style="color: #000000;">chdir</span><span style="color: #666600;">(</span><span style="color: #008800;">'/home/sy'</span><span style="color: #666600;">)</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">result </span><span style="color: #666600;">=</span><span style="color: #000000;"> os</span><span style="color: #666600;">.</span><span style="color: #000000;">getcwd</span><span style="color: #666600;">()</span>
<span style="color: #000088;">print</span><span style="color: #666600;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">result</span><span style="color: #666600;">)</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">open</span><span style="color: #666600;">(</span><span style="color: #008800;">'02.txt'</span><span style="color: #666600;">,</span><span style="color: #008800;">'w'</span><span style="color: #666600;">)</span>
<span style="color: #880000;">#操作时如果书写完整的路径则不需要考虑默认工作目录的问题,按照实际书写路径操作</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">open</span><span style="color: #666600;">(</span><span style="color: #008800;">'/home/sy/下载/02.txt'</span><span style="color: #666600;">,</span><span style="color: #008800;">'w'</span><span style="color: #666600;">)</span>
<span style="color: #880000;">#listdir() 获取指定文件夹中所有内容的名称列表</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">result </span><span style="color: #666600;">=</span><span style="color: #000000;"> os</span><span style="color: #666600;">.</span><span style="color: #000000;">listdir</span><span style="color: #666600;">(</span><span style="color: #008800;">'/home/sy'</span><span style="color: #666600;">)</span>
<span style="color: #000088;">print</span><span style="color: #666600;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">result</span><span style="color: #666600;">)</span>
<span style="color: #880000;">#mkdir() 创建文件夹</span>
<span style="color: #880000;">#os.mkdir('girls')</span>
<span style="color: #880000;">#os.mkdir('boys',0o777)</span>
<span style="color: #880000;">#makedirs() 递归创建文件夹</span>
<span style="color: #880000;">#os.makedirs('/home/sy/a/b/c/d')</span>
<span style="color: #880000;">#rmdir() 删除空目录</span>
<span style="color: #880000;">#os.rmdir('girls')</span>
<span style="color: #880000;">#removedirs 递归删除文件夹 必须都是空目录</span>
<span style="color: #880000;">#os.removedirs('/home/sy/a/b/c/d')</span>
<span style="color: #880000;">#rename() 文件或文件夹重命名</span>
<span style="color: #880000;">#os.rename('/home/sy/a','/home/sy/alibaba'</span>
<span style="color: #880000;">#os.rename('02.txt','002.txt')</span>
<span style="color: #880000;">#stat() 获取文件或者文件夹的信息</span>
<span style="color: #880000;">#result = os.stat('/home/sy/PycharmProject/Python3/10.27/01.py)</span>
<span style="color: #880000;">#print(result)</span>
<span style="color: #880000;">#system() 执行系统命令(危险函数)</span>
<span style="color: #880000;">#result = os.system('ls -al') #获取隐藏文件</span>
<span style="color: #880000;">#print(result)</span>
<span style="color: #880000;">#环境变量</span>
<span style="color: #008800;">'''</span>
<span style="color: #008800;">环境变量就是一些命令的集合</span>
<span style="color: #008800;">操作系统的环境变量就是操作系统在执行系统命令时搜索命令的目录的集合</span>
<span style="color: #008800;">'''</span>
<span style="color: #880000;">#getenv() 获取系统的环境变量</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">result </span><span style="color: #666600;">=</span><span style="color: #000000;"> os</span><span style="color: #666600;">.</span><span style="color: #000000;">getenv</span><span style="color: #666600;">(</span><span style="color: #008800;">'PATH'</span><span style="color: #666600;">)</span>
<span style="color: #000088;">print</span><span style="color: #666600;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">result</span><span style="color: #666600;">.</span><span style="color: #000000;">split</span><span style="color: #666600;">(</span><span style="color: #008800;">':'</span><span style="color: #666600;">))</span>
<span style="color: #880000;">#putenv() 将一个目录添加到环境变量中(临时增加仅对当前脚本有效)</span>
<span style="color: #880000;">#os.putenv('PATH','/home/sy/下载')</span>
<span style="color: #880000;">#os.system('syls')</span>
<span style="color: #880000;">#exit() 退出终端的命令</span>
<span style="color: #880000;">#os模块中的常用值</span>
<span style="color: #880000;">#curdir 表示当前文件夹 .表示当前文件夹 一般情况下可以省略</span>
<span style="color: #000088;">print</span><span style="color: #666600;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">os</span><span style="color: #666600;">.</span><span style="color: #000000;">curdir</span><span style="color: #666600;">)</span>
<span style="color: #880000;">#pardir 表示上一层文件夹 ..表示上一层文件夹 不可省略!</span>
<span style="color: #000088;">print</span><span style="color: #666600;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">os</span><span style="color: #666600;">.</span><span style="color: #000000;">pardir</span><span style="color: #666600;">)</span>
<span style="color: #880000;">#os.mkdir('../../../man')#相对路径 从当前目录开始查找</span>
<span style="color: #880000;">#os.mkdir('/home/sy/man1')#绝对路径 从根目录开始查找</span>
<span style="color: #880000;">#name 获取代表操作系统的名称字符串</span>
<span style="color: #000088;">print</span><span style="color: #666600;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">os</span><span style="color: #666600;">.</span><span style="color: #000000;">name</span><span style="color: #666600;">)</span> <span style="color: #880000;">#posix -> linux或者unix系统 nt -> window系统</span>
<span style="color: #880000;">#sep 获取系统路径间隔符号 window -> linux ->/</span>
<span style="color: #000088;">print</span><span style="color: #666600;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">os</span><span style="color: #666600;">.</span><span style="color: #000000;">sep</span><span style="color: #666600;">)</span>
<span style="color: #880000;">#extsep 获取文件名称和后缀之间的间隔符号 window & linux -> .</span>
<span style="color: #000088;">print</span><span style="color: #666600;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">os</span><span style="color: #666600;">.</span><span style="color: #000000;">extsep</span><span style="color: #666600;">)</span>
<span style="color: #880000;">#linesep 获取操作系统的换行符号 window -> rn linux/unix -> n</span>
<span style="color: #000088;">print</span><span style="color: #666600;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">repr</span><span style="color: #666600;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">os</span><span style="color: #666600;">.</span><span style="color: #000000;">linesep</span><span style="color: #666600;">))</span>
<span style="color: #880000;">#导入os模块</span>
<span style="color: #000088;">import</span><span style="color: #000000;"> os</span>
<span style="color: #880000;">#以下内容都是os.path子模块中的内容</span>
<span style="color: #880000;">#abspath() 将相对路径转化为绝对路径</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">path </span><span style="color: #666600;">=</span> <span style="color: #008800;">'./boys'</span><span style="color: #880000;">#相对</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">result </span><span style="color: #666600;">=</span><span style="color: #000000;"> os</span><span style="color: #666600;">.</span><span style="color: #000000;">path</span><span style="color: #666600;">.</span><span style="color: #000000;">abspath</span><span style="color: #666600;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">path</span><span style="color: #666600;">)</span>
<span style="color: #000088;">print</span><span style="color: #666600;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">result</span><span style="color: #666600;">)</span>
<span style="color: #880000;">#dirname() 获取完整路径当中的目录部分 & basename()获取完整路径当中的主体部分</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">path </span><span style="color: #666600;">=</span> <span style="color: #008800;">'/home/sy/boys'</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">result </span><span style="color: #666600;">=</span><span style="color: #000000;"> os</span><span style="color: #666600;">.</span><span style="color: #000000;">path</span><span style="color: #666600;">.</span><span style="color: #000000;">dirname</span><span style="color: #666600;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">path</span><span style="color: #666600;">)</span>
<span style="color: #000088;">print</span><span style="color: #666600;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">result</span><span style="color: #666600;">)</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">result </span><span style="color: #666600;">=</span><span style="color: #000000;"> os</span><span style="color: #666600;">.</span><span style="color: #000000;">path</span><span style="color: #666600;">.</span><span style="color: #000000;">basename</span><span style="color: #666600;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">path</span><span style="color: #666600;">)</span>
<span style="color: #000088;">print</span><span style="color: #666600;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">result</span><span style="color: #666600;">)</span>
<span style="color: #880000;">#split() 将一个完整的路径切割成目录部分和主体部分</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">path </span><span style="color: #666600;">=</span> <span style="color: #008800;">'/home/sy/boys'</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">result </span><span style="color: #666600;">=</span><span style="color: #000000;"> os</span><span style="color: #666600;">.</span><span style="color: #000000;">path</span><span style="color: #666600;">.</span><span style="color: #000000;">split</span><span style="color: #666600;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">path</span><span style="color: #666600;">)</span>
<span style="color: #000088;">print</span><span style="color: #666600;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">result</span><span style="color: #666600;">)</span>
<span style="color: #880000;">#join() 将2个路径合并成一个</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">var1 </span><span style="color: #666600;">=</span> <span style="color: #008800;">'/home/sy'</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">var2 </span><span style="color: #666600;">=</span> <span style="color: #008800;">'000.py'</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">result </span><span style="color: #666600;">=</span><span style="color: #000000;"> os</span><span style="color: #666600;">.</span><span style="color: #000000;">path</span><span style="color: #666600;">.</span><span style="color: #000000;">join</span><span style="color: #666600;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">var1</span><span style="color: #666600;">,</span><span style="color: #000000;">var2</span><span style="color: #666600;">)</span>
<span style="color: #000088;">print</span><span style="color: #666600;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">result</span><span style="color: #666600;">)</span>
<span style="color: #880000;">#splitext() 将一个路径切割成文件后缀和其他两个部分,主要用于获取文件的后缀</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">path </span><span style="color: #666600;">=</span> <span style="color: #008800;">'/home/sy/000.py'</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">result </span><span style="color: #666600;">=</span><span style="color: #000000;"> os</span><span style="color: #666600;">.</span><span style="color: #000000;">path</span><span style="color: #666600;">.</span><span style="color: #000000;">splitext</span><span style="color: #666600;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">path</span><span style="color: #666600;">)</span>
<span style="color: #000088;">print</span><span style="color: #666600;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">result</span><span style="color: #666600;">)</span>
<span style="color: #880000;">#getsize() 获取文件的大小</span>
<span style="color: #880000;">#path = '/home/sy/000.py'</span>
<span style="color: #880000;">#result = os.path.getsize(path)</span>
<span style="color: #880000;">#print(result)</span>
<span style="color: #880000;">#isfile() 检测是否是文件</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">path </span><span style="color: #666600;">=</span> <span style="color: #008800;">'/home/sy/000.py'</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">result </span><span style="color: #666600;">=</span><span style="color: #000000;"> os</span><span style="color: #666600;">.</span><span style="color: #000000;">path</span><span style="color: #666600;">.</span><span style="color: #000000;">isfile</span><span style="color: #666600;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">path</span><span style="color: #666600;">)</span>
<span style="color: #000088;">print</span><span style="color: #666600;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">result</span><span style="color: #666600;">)</span>
<span style="color: #880000;">#isdir() 检测是否是文件夹</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">result </span><span style="color: #666600;">=</span><span style="color: #000000;"> os</span><span style="color: #666600;">.</span><span style="color: #000000;">path</span><span style="color: #666600;">.</span><span style="color: #000000;">isdir</span><span style="color: #666600;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">path</span><span style="color: #666600;">)</span>
<span style="color: #000088;">print</span><span style="color: #666600;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">result</span><span style="color: #666600;">)</span>
<span style="color: #880000;">#islink() 检测是否是链接</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">path </span><span style="color: #666600;">=</span> <span style="color: #008800;">'/initrd.img.old'</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">result </span><span style="color: #666600;">=</span><span style="color: #000000;"> os</span><span style="color: #666600;">.</span><span style="color: #000000;">path</span><span style="color: #666600;">.</span><span style="color: #000000;">islink</span><span style="color: #666600;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">path</span><span style="color: #666600;">)</span>
<span style="color: #000088;">print</span><span style="color: #666600;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">result</span><span style="color: #666600;">)</span>
<span style="color: #880000;">#getctime() 获取文件的创建时间 get create time</span>
<span style="color: #880000;">#getmtime() 获取文件的修改时间 get modify time</span>
<span style="color: #880000;">#getatime() 获取文件的访问时间 get active time</span>
<span style="color: #000088;">import</span><span style="color: #000000;"> time</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">filepath </span><span style="color: #666600;">=</span> <span style="color: #008800;">'/home/sy/下载/chls'</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">result </span><span style="color: #666600;">=</span><span style="color: #000000;"> os</span><span style="color: #666600;">.</span><span style="color: #000000;">path</span><span style="color: #666600;">.</span><span style="color: #000000;">getctime</span><span style="color: #666600;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">filepath</span><span style="color: #666600;">)</span>
<span style="color: #000088;">print</span><span style="color: #666600;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">time</span><span style="color: #666600;">.</span><span style="color: #000000;">ctime</span><span style="color: #666600;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">result</span><span style="color: #666600;">))</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">result </span><span style="color: #666600;">=</span><span style="color: #000000;"> os</span><span style="color: #666600;">.</span><span style="color: #000000;">path</span><span style="color: #666600;">.</span><span style="color: #000000;">getmtime</span><span style="color: #666600;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">filepath</span><span style="color: #666600;">)</span>
<span style="color: #000088;">print</span><span style="color: #666600;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">time</span><span style="color: #666600;">.</span><span style="color: #000000;">ctime</span><span style="color: #666600;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">result</span><span style="color: #666600;">))</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">result </span><span style="color: #666600;">=</span><span style="color: #000000;"> os</span><span style="color: #666600;">.</span><span style="color: #000000;">path</span><span style="color: #666600;">.</span><span style="color: #000000;">getatime</span><span style="color: #666600;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">filepath</span><span style="color: #666600;">)</span>
<span style="color: #000088;">print</span><span style="color: #666600;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">time</span><span style="color: #666600;">.</span><span style="color: #000000;">ctime</span><span style="color: #666600;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">result</span><span style="color: #666600;">))</span>
<span style="color: #880000;">#exists() 检测某个路径是否真实存在</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">filepath </span><span style="color: #666600;">=</span> <span style="color: #008800;">'/home/sy/下载/chls'</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">result </span><span style="color: #666600;">=</span><span style="color: #000000;"> os</span><span style="color: #666600;">.</span><span style="color: #000000;">path</span><span style="color: #666600;">.</span><span style="color: #000000;">exists</span><span style="color: #666600;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">filepath</span><span style="color: #666600;">)</span>
<span style="color: #000088;">print</span><span style="color: #666600;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">result</span><span style="color: #666600;">)</span>
<span style="color: #880000;">#isabs() 检测一个路径是否是绝对路径</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">path </span><span style="color: #666600;">=</span> <span style="color: #008800;">'/boys'</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">result </span><span style="color: #666600;">=</span><span style="color: #000000;"> os</span><span style="color: #666600;">.</span><span style="color: #000000;">path</span><span style="color: #666600;">.</span><span style="color: #000000;">isabs</span><span style="color: #666600;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">path</span><span style="color: #666600;">)</span>
<span style="color: #000088;">print</span><span style="color: #666600;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">result</span><span style="color: #666600;">)</span>
<span style="color: #880000;">#samefile() 检测2个路径是否是同一个文件</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">path1 </span><span style="color: #666600;">=</span> <span style="color: #008800;">'/home/sy/下载/001'</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">path2 </span><span style="color: #666600;">=</span> <span style="color: #008800;">'../../../下载/001'</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">result </span><span style="color: #666600;">=</span><span style="color: #000000;"> os</span><span style="color: #666600;">.</span><span style="color: #000000;">path</span><span style="color: #666600;">.</span><span style="color: #000000;">samefile</span><span style="color: #666600;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">path1</span><span style="color: #666600;">,</span><span style="color: #000000;">path2</span><span style="color: #666600;">)</span>
<span style="color: #000088;">print</span><span style="color: #666600;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">result</span><span style="color: #666600;">)</span>
<span style="color: #880000;">#os.environ 用于获取和设置系统环境变量的内置值</span>
<span style="color: #000088;">import</span><span style="color: #000000;"> os</span>
<span style="color: #880000;">#获取系统环境变量 getenv() 效果</span>
<span style="color: #000088;">print</span><span style="color: #666600;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">os</span><span style="color: #666600;">.</span><span style="color: #000000;">environ</span><span style="color: #666600;">[</span><span style="color: #008800;">'PATH'</span><span style="color: #666600;">])</span>
<span style="color: #880000;">#设置系统环境变量 putenv()</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">os</span><span style="color: #666600;">.</span><span style="color: #000000;">environ</span><span style="color: #666600;">[</span><span style="color: #008800;">'PATH'</span><span style="color: #666600;">]</span> <span style="color: #666600;">+=</span> <span style="color: #008800;">':/home/sy/下载'</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">os</span><span style="color: #666600;">.</span><span style="color: #000000;">system</span><span style="color: #666600;">(</span><span style="color: #008800;">'chls'</span><span style="color: #666600;">)</span>
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