金磊 发自 凹非寺
量子位 报道 | QbitAI
AI画的简笔画能到什么水平？
给一张美国演员Rami Malek的照片，效果是这样的。
是不是和原图很逼近了？
再来看下输入《老友记》合影的效果。
虽然人物众多，但出来的简笔画效果，依旧还是能分清剧中的人物。
如果毛发特别浓密的人物照，AI还能hold得住吗？
小姐姐“爆炸头”的边缘毛发，也算得上是完美还原了。
再近距离一些的呢？来看“霉霉”（Taylor Swift）照片的效果。
可以说是相当的细节了，把发丝的层次感、光感，以及衣物的褶皱，都发挥的“淋漓尽致”。
……
这些就是出自一个叫ArtLine的AI的作品。
而且它在Reddit非常火爆，已经达到了1100+的热度。
如此惟妙惟肖的效果，你是不是认为又是GAN的功劳？
错！
ArtLine完全没有用到GAN：
也正因如此，ArtLine的效果真真儿的惊艳到了网友。
那么，它是如何做到的呢？
ArtLine背后的三大“法宝”
ArtLine的作者十分爽快地分享了其背后的三大技术：
-
Self-Attention
-
Progressive Resizing
-
Generator Loss
接下来，一起逐一看下各个技术背后的细节内容。
Self-Attention部分引用的技术，出自两年前GAN之父lan Goodfellow等人提出的研究。
等等，刚才不是还说“没用到GAN”吗？
作者对此的解释是：
并没有起到太大作用。
这项研究主要是在GAN生成中加入了注意力机制，同时将SNgan的思想引入到生成器当中。
所要解决的是传统GAN自身存在的一些问题，例如：
-
使用小的卷积核很难发现图像中的依赖关系
-
使用大的卷积核就会丧失卷积网络参数与计算的效率
研究中核心的自注意力机制如下图所示。
其中，f(x)，g(x)和h(x)都是普通的1x1卷积，差别只在于输出通道大小不同。
而后，将f(x)的输出转置，并和g(x)的输出相乘，再经过softmax归一化，得到一个Attention Map。
得到Attention Map之后，和h(x)逐像素点相乘，得到自适应的注意力feature maps。
从结果上来看，引入自注意力机制的效果，确实在FID和IS两个性能指标下，得到了较好的效果。
ArtLine涉及到的第二个技术灵感，来自英伟达在2018年的一项研究。
这项研究主要提出了一种新的训练对抗神经网络的方法。
核心思想是逐步训练生成器和判别器：从低分辨率开始，随着训练进程推进，逐步增加新的层来提炼细节。
这种方法不仅加快了训练速度并且更加稳定，可以产生高质量的图像。
ArtLine所涉及到的最后一个技术，是来自斯坦福大学李飞飞团队在2016年提出的研究。
这项研究主要解决了实现的风格转换，比较费时的问题。
风格转换部分主要用了上面的网络模型，这个模型可以分为两部分：左侧是图像转换网络，而右侧是损耗网络。
其超分辨率重建也是采用上面的网络模型，只是具体内部的图像转换网络部分稍有区别。
这个网络与之前的研究相比，效果达到了相当的水平，但速度却提升了百倍之多，达到3个数量级。
关于作者
ArtLine的项目作者叫做Vijish Madhavan。
他在GitHub中坦言自己并非程序员出身，也道出了ArtLine目前存在的一些缺陷，例如处理像素低于500px的图像时，效果并不理想等。
现在，ArtLine可以在线玩了！
感兴趣的读者，可以戳下方链接体验一下。
Colab链接：
https://colab.research.google.com/github/vijishmadhavan/Light-Up/blob/master/ArtLine(Try_it_on_Colab).ipynb.ipynb)
https://colab.research.google.com/github/vijishmadhavan/Light-Up/blob/master/ArtLine.ipynb
GitHub项目地址：
https://github.com/vijishmadhavan/ArtLine
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146, 214); text-align: center; letter-spacing: 1.5px; background-image: url('https://www.zkxjob.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/wxsync-2022-06-a2a8a5e1e58f30392066a170034ee027.png'); background-size: 100% 100%; background-repeat: no-repeat; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" data-darkmode-bgcolor-15870356070738="rgb(36, 36, 36)" data-darkmode-original-bgcolor-15870356070738="rgb(255, 255, 255)" data-darkmode-color-15870356070738="rgb(230, 230, 230)" data-darkmode-original-color-15870356070738="rgb(0, 0, 0)" data-darkmode-bgimage-15870356070738="1" data-darkmode-bgcolor-15870356071023="rgb(36, 36, 36)" data-darkmode-original-bgcolor-15870356071023="rgb(255, 255, 255)" data-darkmode-color-15870356071023="rgb(230, 230, 230)" data-darkmode-original-color-15870356071023="rgb(0, 0, 0)" data-darkmode-bgimage-15870356071023="1" data-darkmode-bgcolor-15882384789136="rgb(36, 36, 36)" data-darkmode-original-bgcolor-15882384789136="rgb(255, 255, 255)" data-darkmode-color-15882384789136="rgb(230, 230, 230)" data-darkmode-original-color-15882384789136="rgb(0, 0, 0)" data-darkmode-bgimage-15882384789136="1" data-darkmode-bgcolor-15882396318564="rgb(36, 36, 36)" data-darkmode-original-bgcolor-15882396318564="rgb(255, 255, 255)" data-darkmode-color-15882396318564="rgb(230, 230, 230)" data-darkmode-original-color-15882396318564="rgb(0, 0, 0)" data-darkmode-bgimage-15882396318564="1" data-darkmode-bgcolor-15900529136199="rgb(36, 36, 36)" data-darkmode-original-bgcolor-15900529136199="rgb(255, 255, 255)" data-darkmode-color-15900529136199="rgb(230, 230, 230)" data-darkmode-original-color-15900529136199="rgb(0, 0, 0)" data-darkmode-bgimage-15900529136199="1" style="padding: 18px 15px 20px 10px;background-size: 100% 100%;background-image: url('https://www.zkxjob.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/wxsync-2022-06-a2a8a5e1e58f30392066a170034ee027.png');color: rgb(86, 146, 214);letter-spacing: 1.5px;background-repeat: no-repeat;"><section data-darkmode-bgcolor-15860613985508="rgb(36, 36, 36)" data-darkmode-original-bgcolor-15860613985508="rgb(255, 255, 255)" data-darkmode-color-15860613985508="rgb(230, 230, 230)" data-darkmode-original-color-15860613985508="rgb(0, 0, 0)" data-darkmode-bgimage-15860613985508="1" data-darkmode-bgcolor-15870356070738="rgb(36, 36, 36)" data-darkmode-original-bgcolor-15870356070738="rgb(255, 255, 255)" data-darkmode-color-15870356070738="rgb(230, 230, 230)" data-darkmode-original-color-15870356070738="rgb(0, 0, 0)" data-darkmode-bgimage-15870356070738="1" data-darkmode-bgcolor-15870356071023="rgb(36, 36, 36)" data-darkmode-original-bgcolor-15870356071023="rgb(255, 255, 255)" data-darkmode-color-15870356071023="rgb(230, 230, 230)" data-darkmode-original-color-15870356071023="rgb(0, 0, 0)" data-darkmode-bgimage-15870356071023="1" data-darkmode-bgcolor-15882384789136="rgb(36, 36, 36)" data-darkmode-original-bgcolor-15882384789136="rgb(255, 255, 255)" data-darkmode-color-15882384789136="rgb(230, 230, 230)" data-darkmode-original-color-15882384789136="rgb(0, 0, 0)" data-darkmode-bgimage-15882384789136="1" data-darkmode-bgcolor-15882396318564="rgb(36, 36, 36)" data-darkmode-original-bgcolor-15882396318564="rgb(255, 255, 255)" data-darkmode-color-15882396318564="rgb(230, 230, 230)" data-darkmode-original-color-15882396318564="rgb(0, 0, 0)" data-darkmode-bgimage-15882396318564="1" data-darkmode-bgcolor-15900529136199="rgb(36, 36, 36)" data-darkmode-original-bgcolor-15900529136199="rgb(255, 255, 255)" data-darkmode-color-15900529136199="rgb(230, 230, 230)" data-darkmode-original-color-15900529136199="rgb(0, 0, 0)" data-darkmode-bgimage-15900529136199="1" style="display: flex;justify-content: center;align-items: center;"><section data-darkmode-bgcolor-15860613985508="rgb(36, 36, 36)" data-darkmode-original-bgcolor-15860613985508="rgb(255, 255, 255)" data-darkmode-color-15860613985508="rgb(230, 230, 230)" data-darkmode-original-color-15860613985508="rgb(0, 0, 0)" data-darkmode-bgimage-15860613985508="1" data-darkmode-bgcolor-15870356070738="rgb(36, 36, 36)" data-darkmode-original-bgcolor-15870356070738="rgb(255, 255, 255)" data-darkmode-color-15870356070738="rgb(230, 230, 230)" data-darkmode-original-color-15870356070738="rgb(0, 0, 0)" data-darkmode-bgimage-15870356070738="1" data-darkmode-bgcolor-15870356071023="rgb(36, 36, 36)" data-darkmode-original-bgcolor-15870356071023="rgb(255, 255, 255)" data-darkmode-color-15870356071023="rgb(230, 230, 230)" data-darkmode-original-color-15870356071023="rgb(0, 0, 0)" data-darkmode-bgimage-15870356071023="1" data-darkmode-bgcolor-15882384789136="rgb(36, 36, 36)" data-darkmode-original-bgcolor-15882384789136="rgb(255, 255, 255)" data-darkmode-color-15882384789136="rgb(230, 230, 230)" data-darkmode-original-color-15882384789136="rgb(0, 0, 0)" data-darkmode-bgimage-15882384789136="1" data-darkmode-bgcolor-15882396318564="rgb(36, 36, 36)" data-darkmode-original-bgcolor-15882396318564="rgb(255, 255, 255)" data-darkmode-color-15882396318564="rgb(230, 230, 230)" data-darkmode-original-color-15882396318564="rgb(0, 0, 0)" data-darkmode-bgimage-15882396318564="1" data-darkmode-bgcolor-15900529136199="rgb(36, 36, 36)" data-darkmode-original-bgcolor-15900529136199="rgb(255, 255, 255)" data-darkmode-color-15900529136199="rgb(230, 230, 230)" data-darkmode-original-color-15900529136199="rgb(0, 0, 0)" data-darkmode-bgimage-15900529136199="1" style="margin-left: 2px;width: 20px;"></section><section data-brushtype="text" data-darkmode-bgcolor-15860613985508="rgb(36, 36, 36)" data-darkmode-original-bgcolor-15860613985508="rgb(255, 255, 255)" data-darkmode-color-15860613985508="rgb(51, 51, 51)" data-darkmode-original-color-15860613985508="rgb(51, 51, 51)" data-darkmode-bgimage-15860613985508="1" data-darkmode-bgcolor-15870356070738="rgb(36, 36, 36)" data-darkmode-original-bgcolor-15870356070738="rgb(255, 255, 255)" data-darkmode-color-15870356070738="rgb(51, 51, 51)" data-darkmode-original-color-15870356070738="rgb(51, 51, 51)" data-darkmode-bgimage-15870356070738="1" data-darkmode-bgcolor-15870356071023="rgb(36, 36, 36)" data-darkmode-original-bgcolor-15870356071023="rgb(255, 255, 255)" data-darkmode-color-15870356071023="rgb(51, 51, 51)" data-darkmode-original-color-15870356071023="rgb(51, 51, 51)" data-darkmode-bgimage-15870356071023="1" data-darkmode-bgcolor-15882384789136="rgb(36, 36, 36)" data-darkmode-original-bgcolor-15882384789136="rgb(255, 255, 255)" data-darkmode-color-15882384789136="rgb(51, 51, 51)" data-darkmode-original-color-15882384789136="rgb(51, 51, 51)" data-darkmode-bgimage-15882384789136="1" data-darkmode-bgcolor-15882396318564="rgb(36, 36, 36)" data-darkmode-original-bgcolor-15882396318564="rgb(255, 255, 255)" data-darkmode-color-15882396318564="rgb(51, 51, 51)" data-darkmode-original-color-15882396318564="rgb(51, 51, 51)" data-darkmode-bgimage-15882396318564="1" data-darkmode-bgcolor-15900529136199="rgb(36, 36, 36)" data-darkmode-original-bgcolor-15900529136199="rgb(255, 255, 255)" data-darkmode-color-15900529136199="rgb(51, 51, 51)" data-darkmode-original-color-15900529136199="rgb(51, 51, 51)" data-darkmode-bgimage-15900529136199="1" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 楷体, 楷体_GB2312, SimKai;font-size: 15px;">点这里，获取新手福利</span></section></section></section></section></section></section></section>本篇文章来源于: 菜鸟学Python
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